深さ優先探索 (Depth First Search, DFS)

概要

再帰、もしくはstackを用いたLIFO(Last-In First-Out)順の探索を行う。

計算量

\(O(|V| + |E|)\)

実装 (再帰関数)

def dfs_rec(N, G, s):
    used = [0]*N
    def dfs(v, p):
        used[v] = 1
        ... # A
        for w in G[v]:
            ... # B1
            if used[w]:
                continue
            ... # B2
            r = dfs(w, v)
            ... # C
        ... # D
        return ... # E
    r0 = dfs(s, -1)

実装 (stack)

A, B1, B2, C, D, E は上記の関数再帰実装のものと対応する。

def dfs_stack(N, G, s):
    stk = [s]
    used = [0]*N
    R = [None]*N
    it = [0]*N
    while stk:
        v = stk[-1]
        p = stk[-2] if len(stk) > 1 else -1
        if it[v] == 0:
            used[v] = 1
            ... # A
        else:
            w = G[v][it[v]-1]
            r = R[w]
            ... # C

        while it[v] < len(G[v]):
            w = G[v][it[v]]; it[v] += 1
            ... # B1
            if used[w]:
                continue
            ... # B2
            stk.append(w)
            break
        else:
            ... # D
            R[v] = ... # E
            stk.pop()
    r0 = R[s]

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